Rudolf Camperlik (später Rudolf Camp)

• Born on: 11.1.1906
• Birthplace: Vienna (Wien),
• Category: Doctorate program
• Right of domicile: Wien (Wien),

The English version is based on a translation by Artificial Intelligence. The authentic version is the German text.

Family – Studies – Emigration

Rudolf Camperlik was one of the sons of Berthold (born on 13 February 1870 in Pavlovice/Benešov district, one of several children of Leopold and Josefa Camperlik) and Olga Camperlik (born on 6 April 1877 in Dobkau/Dobkov, Bohemia, maiden name Goldreikh, also Goldreich), who had married on 26 December 1898 at the Vienna synagogue in Seitenstättengasse. Rudolf’s father, whose surname was occasionally also given as Čamperlik, ran a spice shop at 19 Kleistgasse (3rd district of Vienna), which he put up for sale in 1936, presumably due to his advancing age. Apart from Rudolf, Berthold’s marriage to Josefine produced four further children: Erwin, Emmanuel, Anna and Irene; however, the two eldest siblings died in infancy in 1899 and 1900 respectively.

After attending secondary school in Vienna’s 11th district (Bundesrealschule in Gottschalkgasse 21, now the GRG 11), Rudolf Camperlik enrolled at the University for World Trade (Hochschule für Welthandel) during the winter semester of 1924/25 and the summer semester of 1925, in the winter term of 1931/32, as well as in the winter term of 1937/38 and the summer term of 1938. In the meantime, he studied at the Leipzig Business School. He completed his degree course in Vienna in 1933, though he did not receive his certificate until the end of June 1937. During his studies, he advertised in newspapers offering private tuition ‘in all secondary school subjects’.

The Jewish student was prevented from pursuing his planned doctoral studies by the ‘Anschluss’ of Austria; on 22 August 1938, Camperlik was struck off the register of the University for World Trade. On 30 January 1938, Rudolf Camperlik left his parents’ flat on the corner of Kleistgasse 19/10 and Khunngasse 14 – where he had been registered since 1928 and where his father’s business was also located. Het travelled to Brussels. It is presumed that from there he travelled to Paris, where he lived temporarily at 58 Rue Chardon Lagache.

Eventually, Rudolf Camperlik succeeded in emigrating to the United States. In March 1940, he reached New York. This is where he lived when the Second World War ended; at that time, he was registered at 158 West 78th Street. On 27 June 1945, he was granted US citizenship in the Southern District of New York. By this time, he had changed his surname to Camp. Later, the former student of the University for World Trade moved to Los Angeles, where he worked as a sales representative. On 3 April 1948, Rudolf Camp married Salome Rudac (born 28 December 1918 in the Latvian port city of Libau/Liepāja) in Las Vegas; she may have fled the Soviet or Nazi occupation of Latvia (1940–41 and 1941–1945 respectively). Salome Camp, who had been stateless until then, was granted American citizenship exactly seven years to the day after her husband. At that time, the couple were living in Los Angeles at 2620 Clarmont Avenue. In the same city, Salome gave birth to a son in April 1949. Rudolf’s wife died on 21 June 1983 in Los Angeles under the name Salome Lola Traub; Rudolf himself probably died in March 1986 at the age of 80.

The two sisters of Rudolf Camperlik, who lived through the Nazi era, also managed to flee to America. Irene (born 1903, died 6 November 1988 in Santa Cruz County, California) was able to emigrate to Florida via Havana on 9 September 1939 with her husband Egon Lann (born 7 February 1898 in Brüx/Most, Bohemia, died 7 December 1986 in Soquel, Santa Cruz County), whom she had married in 1933 in Vienna’s Mariahilf district. Anna (born 2 January 1902 in Vienna) was to follow her a good two months later. She had run a shop selling fashion and knitwear at Schlickgasse 6 (9th district of Vienna). On 18 January 1931, Anna had married Siegfried Guttmann (born 28 January 1894 in the South Moravian village of Schaffa/Šafov), a glove manufacturer who was also Jewish, in Vienna’s Favoriten district; just over a year after their marriage, their daughter Charlotte was born (3 January 1932) in Vienna. Anna must have had to leave the flat at 17 Liechtensteinstraße (9th district) with her family in 1938 or 1939. Initially, she too went to Cuba, which was under strong political and economic influence from the United States. On 17 November 1939, she sailed from Havana to the USA on the S.S. Florida with Siegfried and Charlotte.

Persecution of family members: Rudolf’s parents

Several of Rudolf Camperlik’s relatives were persecuted by the Nazi regime. This included the systematic dispossession, forced exile (like in the case of Rudolf and his sisters) and murder of family members.

Among the victims of Nazi persecution were his parents. The house at Erlachgasse 80 (10th district of Vienna), built in 1873, which Berthold and Olga Camperlik had each owned half of since 1905, was placed under compulsory administration in the summer of 1939. Following a lawsuit brought by the ‘Zentralsparkasse der Gemeinde Wien’ and other creditors, the lien on the multi-storey building was incorporated in favour of the German Reich, thereby creating the conditions for its sale in the Reich’s favour. And the one-third share of the country house at Wallnerstraße 55 (Eichgraben in the Vienna Woods) that had belonged to Berthold since the summer of 1918 was sold by the so-called ‘Vermögensverkehrsstelle’ (Property Transaction Office) to Rosa Meßlitzer (known as Rosa Pitsch from 1940 onwards following her marriage) at a price 3,500 Reichsmarks below the value that Berthold himself had declared to this state-run plundering organisation in his declaration of assets dated 29 June 1938. After the war, Rudolf Camperlik – who referred to himself as ‘Rudy Camp’ in the records of the Compensation Fund (‘Abgeltungsfonds’) – and his sisters Anna, who had Americanised her surname to Gutman, and Irene Lann were able to take ownership of part of their parents’ property under the First Restitution Act of 26 July 1946: In December 1951, the Regional Finance Directorate for Vienna, Lower Austria and Burgenland granted them restitution of the house at Erlachgasse. However, in 1965, the ‘Fund for the Compensation of Property Losses Suffered by Victims of Political Persecution’ (Fonds zur Abgeltung von Vermögensverlusten politisch Verfolgter) rejected the application by the children of Berthold and Olga Camperlik for further compensation payments, as neither the confiscation of the bank deposits had been proven nor could the payment by their parents of the Nazi ‘Reich Flight Tax’ and the ‘Jewish Property Levy’ be substantiated.

Rudolf’s parents were also killed as a result of Nazi persecution. Unlike many other married couples, Berthold and Olga Camperlik were not deported together. This was because, according to the rather macabre wording in the municipal registration records, Rudolf’s father had ‘departed’ from Vienna on 1 October 1938. Berthold settled in Prague, where he was once again confronted with Nazi persecution following the invasion by the German Wehrmacht and the establishment of the ‘Reich Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia’ in March 1939. Various sources list his addresses as Spořilov 952 and Táborská 89. Because of his Jewish faith, Rudolf Camperlik’s father was imprisoned in Theresienstadt/Terezín. Berthold is believed to have died in this ghetto and concentration camp on 24 June 1942; subsequently, he was buried in the New Jewish Cemetery in Prague, which had opened in 1890.

Rudolf’s mother Olga was taken from the family home in Vienna via Prague to Theresienstadt on 2 July 1942. From there, she was deported on 15 October 1942 to Treblinka. In particular the elderly people, including Rudolf’s mother, were killed shortly after the train arrived at the extermination camp there (17–18 October 1942). In fact, no one from the deportation train of 15 October survived to see the end of the war.

Persecution of family members: Other relatives

Among the nearly 2,000 Jews on the aforementioned deportation train of 15 October 1942, on which Rudolf’s mother Olga was sent to her death, was her eldest sister, Kamilla Goldreich (born 28 May 1875 in Dobkau). She was married to Ernst Lengsfeld (born 1873 in Humpolec/Humpoletz, died 26 February 1940) and was the mother of three children. Before Kamilla was sent to her death in Treblinka, she had been taken on 6 July 1942, along with around 1,000 other Jewish men and women, from Prague – where she had lived at Malá Štupartská 9 – to Theresienstadt. Kamilla’s youngest son, Ervín (born 7 February 1903 in Arnau/Hostinné), was also deported to Theresienstadt, less than three months before the SS abandoned the concentration camp to flee to safety from the advancing Red Army.

Another cousin of Rudolf Camperlik endured painful experiences in the Dachau and Buchenwald concentration camps. Leo Camperlik (born 21 August 1912 in Vienna, son of Karl and Irma Camperlik; died 26 January 1980 in Philadelphia), who ran a knitwear shop at Kranzgasse 22 (15th district of Vienna), was arrested on 25 May 1938 by the Secret State Police for participating in an unspecified ‘action’ and ‘brawl’ and, six days later, was sent as a so-called ‘protected Jew’ to the first concentration camp that the Nazi regime had established in March 1933 as part of its apparatus of state terrorism. On 22 September, Leo Camperlik was released from Dachau. However, instead of being able to return to his flat at Stadlergasse 10 (13th district), he was immediately transferred to Buchenwald, where he arrived at seven o’clock the following day. He was released from this concentration camp on the evening of 30 December 1938. Following his bitter experiences of Nazi persecution, he left the German Reich as soon as possible. In the spring of 1939, Leo travelled first to France, where his visa for the USA was issued on 25 February. In Paris, he presumably met his mother Irma (born 27 July 1879 in Dobkau, died 10 April 1943 in New York, buried at Beth-El Cemetery in Paramus, New Jersey); Olga Camperlik’s younger sister had found accommodation in the 16th arrondissement (58, Rue Chardon-Lagache). Leo then set sail from Cherbourg on 18 March aboard the S.S. Queen Mary; five days later, he arrived in New York. On 25 September 1942, Leo Camperlik enlisted in the US Army; in February of the following year, whilst stationed at Camp Gordon in Augusta (Georgia) with the 551st Engineer Battalion, he applied for American citizenship. Like his cousin Rudolf, he changed his surname to Camp whilst in exile. After the war, Leo Camp established himself as a successful businessman in the USA: in 1946, he founded the company Camp and McInnes Co. in Reading (Philadelphia), which manufactured hosiery in the Camp Building (1801 North 12th Street), which is still [2026] named after him. He was also involved in several Jewish and non-Jewish economic, social and political organisations. Leo and his wife Henrietta (born 9 January 1921 in Reading, Pennsylvania; died in February 1982 in Berks County; maiden name Greenfield) had two sons.

Leo Camperlik’s mother, who had been a widow since the death of her husband Karl (born 13 January 1879 in Wlaschim/Vlašim, died 1 May 1935 in Vienna), first emigrated to Cuba. Having received her visa for the United States on 17 July 1940, Irma Camperlik travelled to the US on the S.S. Oriente, where a number of relatives had already found a safe haven with their families, including her brothers Rudolf Goldreich (born 28 February 1884 in Dobkau, died 16 January 1953 in the USA) and Erwin Goldreich (born 19 February 1890 in Přelouč, died 20 January 1954 in Vienna).

Finally, among the members of the Camperlik family who were able to escape the Holocaust by emigrating was Leo’s sister Josefine (born in 1903 in Vienna, died on 6 August 1992 in Pompano Beach, Florida). For five years, she had studied piano under the renowned composer Franz Schmidt at the Academy of Music and Performing Arts in Vienna (now: mdw – University of Music and Performing Arts). She also had given music lessons herself, and had worked in the textile industry for many years. In 1931, Josefine Camperlik married the leather goods specialist Emil Fischmann (born 18 November 1894 in Austria, died in December 1982 in Miami Beach, Florida) in Vienna’s Favoriten district; they had a son, Peter (born 9 April 1933 in Vienna, died 15 February 2012 in Florida). In the USA, Josefine Camperlik (presumably with her family) found accommodation in Brooklyn (824 Sterling Place) and, whilst in exile, Americanised her surname to Fischman, as did her husband and son.

Author: Johannes Koll

Source material

Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien, Universitätsarchiv, Studierendenkarteikarte.
GenTeam. Die genealogische Datenbank: Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Wien: Index der jüdischen Matriken Wien und Niederösterreich, Eintrag zur Hochzeit von Berthold und Olga Camperlik, https://genteam.at [4. Juni 2026].
Geni.com, Einträge von Rina Margarita Talmore über Berthold Camperlik (http://www.geni.com/people/Berthold-Camperlik/6000000023215946357), Josefine Camperlik (http://www.geni.com/people/Josefine-Camperlik/6000000023218244909 ) und Erwin Emmanuel Camperlik (http://www.geni.com/people/Erwin-Camperlik/6000000023217287508 ) [alle nach Stand vom 29. Oktober 2013, abgerufen 1. Juni 2026].
Wiener Adreßbuch. Lehmanns Wohnungsanzeiger 1935, 76. Jg., Wien 1935, Bd. 1, 1. Teil, S. 150 zum väterlichen Unternehmen.
Neues Wiener Tagblatt. Demokratisches Organ, 70. Jg., Nr. 190, laufende Nr. 25287 vom 12. Juli 1936, S. 41 (Sonntags-Beilage) zum Verkauf des väterlichen Unternehmens.
Neues Wiener Tagblatt. Demokratisches Organ, 59. Jg., Nr. 16 vom 16. Januar 1925, S. 16 und Nr. 25 vom 25. Januar 1925, S. 37: Annonce von Rudolf Camperlik für Nachhilfestunden.
Meldeauskunft des Wiener Stadt- und Landesarchivs, GZ MA 8 – B-MEW – 96200-2013.
Miroslav Kárný: Terezénská pamětní kniha. Zidovské oběti nacistických deportací z čech a moravy 1941-1945, Prag 1995, Bd. 2, S. 691 und Yad Vashem: The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names zur Deportation von Olga Camperlik, http://db.yadvashem.org/names/search.html?language=en [4. Juni 2026].
Aid for Communications between Displaced Jews resident in the Czechoslovak Republic in 1938 in 1938 and Persons presently resident in Great Britain and the British Empire, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United States of America and various countries in Central America and in Palestine, o.D. [vermutlich 1946], S. 20, hier nach Ancestry.com: Registrierung von NS-Verfolgten nach der Befreiung, 1945–1950 unter Bezugnahme auf Arolsen Archives, Registration of Liberated Former Persecutees at Various Locations (F18 lists), Bad Arolsen, Germany. 3.1.1.3, http://www.ancestry.com [28. Mai 2026] zur Emigration von Rudolf Camperlik.
Ancestry.com: Sammlung New York, USA, Index zu in New York City eingereichte Einbürgerungsanträge, 1792-1989, nach: The National Archives at New York City: Soundex Index to Petitions for Naturalization filed in Federal, State, and Local Courts located in New York City, 1792-1989, New York, NY, USA, Nr. 6.570.455, http://www.ancestry.com [28. Mai 2026] zur Verleihung der amerikanischen Staatsbürgerschaft an Rudolf Camperlik.
Ancestry.com: Kalifornien, USA, föderale Einbürgerungsregister, 1888-1991 und Ancestry.com: USA, Indizes der Einbürgerungsregister, 1791-1992 (http://www.ancestry.com [27. August 2026]), nach: The National Archives in Washington, DC, USA: Petitions For Naturalization, 1887-1991, NAI-Nummer 594890, Records of District Courts of the United States, 1685-2009, Petitions, 1952, Box 0426 bzw. Naturalization Index Cards of the U.S. District Court For the Southern District of California, Central Division (Los Angeles), 1915-1976 (M1525); Seriennummer des Mikrofilms: M1525; Mikrofilmrolle: 33 zur Einbürgerung von Salome Rudac Camp in die USA.
Ancestry.com: Kalifornien, USA, Sterbeindex, 1940-1997, http://www.ancestry.com [27. August 2026], nach: State of California: California Death Index, 1940-1997, Sacramento, CA, USA: State of California Department of Health Services, Center for Health Statistics zum Tod von Salome Camp.
Geni.com, Eintrag von Rina Margarita Talmore über Irene Lann (Camperlik), http://www.geni.com/people/Irene-Lann/6000000023218229999 [Stand: 29. Oktober 2013, abgerufen 30. Juli 2026].
Geni.com, Eintrag von Sharon Horsky über Egon Lann, http://www.geni.com/people/Egon-Lann/6000000094349299865 [Stand: 26. Mai 2019, abgerufen 30. Juli 2026].
Genteam.at. Die genealogische Datenbank: Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Wien: Index der jüdischen Matriken Wien und Niederösterreich, https://genteam.at [30. Juli 2026], Eintrag zur Eheschließung von Irene Camperlik und Egon Lann.
Geni.com, Eintrag von Rina Margarita Talmore über Anna Guttmann (Camperlik), Guttmann, http://www.geni.com/people/Anna-Guttmann/6000000023216636893 [Stand: 29. Oktober 2013, abgerufen 1. Juni 2026].
Geni.com, Eintrag von Rina Margarita Talmore und Sharon Horsky über Siegfried Guttmann, http://www.geni.com/people/Siegfried-Guttmann/6000000028992913890 [Stand: 19. Oktober 2014, abgerufen 1. Juni 2026].
Geni.com, Eintrag von Sharon Horsky über Charlotte Guttmann, http://www.geni.com/people/Charlotte-Guttmann/6000000218819086821 [Stand: 25. Mai 2025, abgerufen 1. Juni 2026].
MyHeritage.at: Österreich, Wien, Jüdische Lebensdaten, 1835-1938 zu Charlotte Guttmann, http://www.myheritage.at/ [4. Juni 2026].
GenTeam. Die genealogische Datenbank, https://genteam.at [4. Juni 2026]: Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Wien: Index der jüdischen Matriken Wien und Niederösterreich, Eintrag zur Hochzeit von Anna Camperlik und Siegfried Guttmann.
Ancestry.com: Florida, USA, Listen ankommender und abreisender Passagiere und Mannschaften, 1898-1963, nach: The National Archives in Washington, DC: Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving At Miami, Florida, NAI-Nummer A3621, Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1787-2004, Nr. 85, http://www.ancestry.com / zur Emigration der Familie von Anna Guttmann [4. Juni 2026].
Österreichisches Staatsarchiv, Archiv der Republik, Entschädigungs- und Restitutionsangelegenheiten, Vermögensverkehrsstelle, Vermögensanmeldungen 464 und 465 zu Berthold und Olga Camperlik.
Wiener Stadt- und Landesarchivs: Meldekarte zu Berthold Camperlik, GZ MA 8 – B-MER-781991-2026.
Häuser-Kataster der k.k. Reichshaupt- und Residenzstadt Wien, 2. Aufl. Wien/Leipzig 1911, S. 241 zum Haus von Berthold und Olga Camperlik in der Erlachgasse 80.
Amtsblatt zur Wiener Zeitung. Zentralanzeiger für Handel und Gewerbe, 236. Jg., Nr. 142 vom 16. Juni 1939, S. 8 und vom 20. September 1939, S. 7.
Österreichisches Staatsarchiv, Archiv der Republik, Entschädigungs- und Restitutionsangelegenheiten, Hilfsfonds/Abgeltungsfonds, Nr. 8809 und Finanzlandesdirektion Wien, Niederösterreich und das Burgenland Nr. 17539 zu den Anträgen auf Rückstellung des geraubten Eigentums von Berthold und Olga Camperlik.
Arolson Archives: Inhaftierungsdokumente Ghetto Theresienstadt, Karteikarte zu Berthold Čamperlik.
Opferdatenbank des Dokumentationsarchivs des österreichischen Widerstandes (http://www.doew.at ), Eintrag zu Olga Camperlik [28. Mai 2026].
Geni.com, Eintrag von Rina Margarita Talmore über Olga Camperlik, http://www.geni.com/people/Olga-Camperlik/6000000023215585495 [Stand: 29. Oktober 2013, abgerufen 1. Juni 2026].
Geni.com, Eintrag von Peter Lowe über Kamilla Lengsfeld (Goldreich) mit Foto, http://www.geni.com/people/Kamilla-Lengsfeld/6000000019738154068 [Stand: 8. März 2013, abgerufen 1. Juni 2026].
Arolson Archives: Inhaftierungsdokumente Ghetto Theresienstadt, Karteikarte zu Ervín Lengesfeld.
Geni.com, Eintrag von Rina Margarita Talmore, Merrill (Meir) Evan Weber, Jonathan Carl Camp und David Ira Camp über Leo Camperlik, http://www.geni.com/people/Leo-Camp/6000000023218424879 [Stand: 16. September 2008, abgerufen 12. August 2026.].
Arolson Archives: Inhaftierungsdokumente und Zugangsbuch Konzentrationslager Dachau und Inhaftierungsdokumente Konzentrationslager Buchenwald zu Leo Camperlik.
Wiener Adreßbuch. Lehmanns Wohnungsanzeiger 1935, 76. Jg., Wien 1935, S. Bd. 1, 1. Teil, S. 150 zum Geschäft von Leo Camperlik.
Geni.com, Eintrag von Rina Margarita Talmore und Ita Hermelin über Irma Camperlik, http://www.geni.com/people/Irma-Camperlik/6000000023218035081 [Stand: 29. Oktober 2013, abgerufen 2. Juni 2026].
Find a Grave, Eintrag zu Irma Goldreich/Camperlik, https://de.findagrave.com/memorial/286755565/irma-camperlik [5. August 2026].
MyHeritage.at: Ellis Island und andere New York Passagierlisten, 1820-1957, nach: National Archives and Records Administration: Passenger and Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at New York, New York, 1897-1957 (National Archives Microfilm Publication T715, roll 6300), Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, Record Group 85 zur Überfahrt von Leo Camperlik von Frankreich in die USA.
Ancestry.com: Sammlung Georgia, USA, Einbürgerungsregister, 1794-1993, nach: National Archives and Records Administration (Washington, DC), Petitions For Naturalization, Compiled 1909-1970, Archivnummer 2143321: Records of District Courts of the United States, Nr. 21, http://www.ancestry.com [3. Juni 2026] zur Einbürgerung von Leo Camperlik.
Leo Camp Dies: Firm Founder, in: Reading Eagle vom 28. Januar 1980, S. 25,
MyHeritage.at: Geni-Welt-Stammbaum zu Henrietta Camp (geb. Greenfield), http://www.myheritage.at/ [14. August 2026].
Geni.com, Eintrag von Rina Margarita Talmore und Itai Hermelin über Karl Camperlik, http://www.geni.com/people/Karl-Camperlik/6000000023218088149 [Stand: 29. Oktober 2013, Zugriff 5. August 2026].
Geni.com, Einträge von Peter Lowe über Rudolf und Erwin Goldreich, http://www.geni.com/people/Rudolf-Goldreich/6000000055532574871 bzw. http://www.geni.com/people/Erwin-Goldreich/6000000023233338153 [Stand: jeweils 30. Oktober 2013, abgerufen 2. Juni 2026].
Ancestry.com: Sammlung New York, USA, Listen ankommender Passagier und Besatzungen (einschließlich Castle Garden und Ellis Island), 1820-1957, nach: The National Archives in Washington, DC: Passenger and Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at New York, New York, 1897-1957, Mikrofilm-Seriennummer oder NAID T715, Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1787-2004, Nr. 85, http://www.ancestry.com [3. Juni 2026] zur Überfahrt von Irma Camperlik in die USA.
Geni.com, Eintrag von Rina Margarita Talmore und Itai Hermelin über Josefine Fishman/Fischmann, http://www.geni.com/people/Josefine-Fishman-Fischmann/6000000023218163075 [Stand 29. Oktober 2013, abgerufen 31. Juli 2026].
Art. „Schmidt, Franz“, in: Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon online, begr. von Rudolf Flotzinger, hrsg. von Barbara Boisits, https://dx.doi.org/10.1553/0x0001e118 [Stand: 14. August 2023, abgerufen 5. August 2026].
Geni.com, Eintrag von Itai Hermelin über Peter Fishman/Fischmann, http://www.geni.com/people/Peter-Fishman/6000000221120095062 [Stand: 6. September 2025, abgerufen 31. Juli 2026].
Geni.com, Eintrag von Sharon Horsky und Itai Hermelin über Emil Fishman/Fischmann, http://www.geni.com/people/Emil-Fishman/6000000094350278859 [Stand: 26. Mai 2019, abgerufen 31. Juli 2026].
Genteam.at: Index der jüdischen Matriken Wien und NÖ, Nr. 108037, Einträge zu Emil Fischmann und Nr. 108038 zur Hochzeit von Emil Fischmann und Josefine Camperlik [31. Juli 2026].
MyHeritage.de: Österreich/Wien: Auswanderungsantrag von Emil Fischmann vom 25. Mai 1938, http://www.myheritage.at/ [31. Juli 2026].
Geni.com, Eintrag von Itai Hermelin über Peter Fischmann vom 6. September 2025, http://www.geni.com/people/Peter-Fishman/6000000221120095062 [31. Juli 2026].